CIRCULARS
GUIDELINES FOR ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES FOR MICRO-ENTERPRISES
Based on the Accounting Law No. 88/2015/QH13;
Based on the Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Securities, the Law on Accounting, the Law on Independent Auditing, the Law on State Budget, the Law on Management and Use of Public Assets, the Law on Tax Management, the Law on Personal Income Tax, the Law on National Reserves, and the Law on Handling Administrative Violations No. 56/2024/QH15;
Based on Government Decree No. 29/2025/ND-CP dated February 24, 2025, regulating the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 166/2025/ND-CP;
As requested by the Director of the Department of Accounting and Auditing Management and Supervision;
The Minister of Finance issued a Circular guiding the accounting regime for micro-enterprises.
Chapter I
GENERAL RULES
Article 1. Scope
This circular provides guidance on accounting documents, accounting entries, and the preparation and presentation of financial statements for micro-enterprises. The determination of tax obligations for micro-enterprises is carried out in accordance with tax laws.
Article 2. Subject of application
1. This Circular applies to micro-enterprises, where the criteria for defining micro-enterprises are in accordance with the law on supporting small and medium-sized enterprises.
2. Household businesses and individual business owners may choose to apply this Circular to carry out their accounting work if they so wish.
Article 3. Organization of accounting work
1. Micro-enterprises may appoint an accountant who is the biological father, biological mother, adoptive father, adoptive mother, spouse, biological child, adopted child, sibling of the legal representative, head, director or general director, or deputy head, deputy director or deputy general director in charge of finance and accounting; a person currently working as a manager, operator, warehouse manager, cashier, or person regularly assigned to buy and sell assets within the micro-enterprise; or hire accounting services for the micro-enterprise in accordance with the law and the needs of the enterprise.
2. Micro-enterprises are not required to appoint a chief accountant. If a micro-enterprise appoints an accounting officer to act in place of the chief accountant, the accounting officer may sign accounting documents, accounting books, and financial reports on behalf of the chief accountant.
Article 4. Application of the accounting system
1. Micro-enterprises shall, based on the method of paying value-added tax (VAT) and corporate income tax (CIT) as prescribed by VAT and CIT laws, record accounting entries in one of the cases stipulated in Articles 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this Circular and prepare financial statements according to the guidance in Article 10 of this Circular. If a micro-enterprise changes its method of paying VAT and CIT according to tax laws, it shall apply the accounting ledger list guided in this Circular that is consistent with the enterprise's tax payment method.
2. In cases where, during a fiscal year, a micro-enterprise undergoes changes in its criteria that render it no longer subject to this Circular, it may apply this Circular until the end of the current fiscal year and must adopt an accounting system in accordance with the law from the following fiscal year onwards.
3. Micro-enterprises may choose to apply the accounting regime for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to suit their production and business characteristics and management requirements, but this regime must be applied consistently within a fiscal year. Changes to the applied accounting regime can only be made on the beginning of the following fiscal year.
4. In cases where business households or individual businesses choose to apply the accounting system according to this Circular, they must apply it consistently throughout a fiscal year. Changes to the applied accounting system can only be made on the first day of the following fiscal year.
5. In order to suit the characteristics of their production and business operations and management requirements, micro-enterprises may design additional or modify accounting voucher forms and accounting books compared to the forms guided in this Circular. When modified or supplemented, the accounting voucher forms and accounting books of the enterprise must comply with the provisions of Article 16, Clauses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Article 24 of the Accounting Law and must fully, promptly, truthfully, and transparently reflect the assets and capital of the enterprise for inspection, control, and verification. Enterprises that generate accounting vouchers subject to other laws must comply with the provisions of those laws.
6. In cases where micro-enterprises use electronic invoices and are supported by the tax authority's tax management information system in determining and notifying the amount of VAT, corporate income tax, and other taxes payable (if any), the micro-enterprise shall use the accounting ledger forms guided in this Circular to track and compare with the tax payable as notified by the tax authority.
Chapter II
SPECIFIED
Article 5. Micro-enterprises shall pay VAT and corporate income tax at a percentage (%) rate on revenue.
1. Accounting documents
Micro-enterprises use invoices and other accounting documents as prescribed by accounting and tax laws to determine revenue.
2. Accounting records
2.1. In this case, micro-enterprises shall use the Sales Revenue Register for Goods and Services (Form S1-DNSN) to record sales revenue for goods and services.
2.2. Accounting ledger forms, content, and methods of recording accounting entries.
a) Accounting ledger form
REGISTER OF SALES OF GOODS AND SERVICES
Year:……………..
Unit of measurement:…….
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Invoices, Receipts |
Explain |
Amount of money |
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Number |
Date |
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A |
B |
C |
1 |
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1. Group of goods, services, industries…. |
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…… |
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Total (1) |
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VAT |
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CIT |
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2. Group of goods, services, industries…. |
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.... |
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Total (2) |
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VAT |
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CIT |
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3. Groups of goods, services, industries…. |
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.... |
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Total (3) |
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VAT |
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CIT |
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Total VAT payable |
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Total corporate income tax payable |
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b) Content: This ledger is opened to record revenue from the sale of goods and services during the period, categorized by product group, service, or industry with the same VAT or corporate income tax rate. If a micro-enterprise has multiple product groups, services, or industries, this ledger may be opened for each product group with the same VAT or corporate income tax rate.
c) Bookkeeping method
– Columns A and B: Record the invoice number and date.
– Column C: Record the explanation of the business transaction generating revenue from the sale of goods and services. Depending on management requirements, micro-enterprises may record revenue for each invoice or document, or as a total amount accompanied by a detailed data table of invoices and documents as prescribed by law.
– Column 1: Record the amount of goods and services sold according to each group of goods, services, and industry to determine the revenue from the sale of goods and services with the same VAT rate or the same corporate income tax rate. Based on the revenue from the sale of goods and services during the period, the micro-enterprise determines the amount of VAT and corporate income tax payable according to tax laws. The last line records the total VAT and corporate income tax payable during the period.
Article 6. Micro-enterprises shall pay VAT at a percentage rate on revenue and corporate income tax on taxable income.
1. Accounting documents
Micro-enterprises use invoices, purchase lists for goods and services without invoices, and other accounting documents as prescribed by accounting and tax laws as the basis for determining revenue, income, expenses, and the amount of VAT and corporate income tax payable and paid during the period.
2. Accounting records
2.1. In this case, micro-enterprises apply the accounting books according to the following list.
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STT |
Accounting ledger name |
Symbol |
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1 |
Sales revenue register for goods and services |
Form S2a-DNSN |
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2 |
Detailed ledger of revenue and expenses |
Form S2b-DNSN |
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3 |
Detailed register of materials, tools, products, and goods. |
Form S2c-DNSN |
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4 |
Cash register |
Form S2d-DNSN |
2.2. Accounting ledger forms, content, and methods of recording accounting entries.
a) Sales Revenue Register for Goods and Services (Form S2a-DNSN)
a1) Accounting ledger forms
REGISTER OF SALES OF GOODS AND SERVICES
Year: …………………..
Unit of measurement:………….
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Invoices, Receipts |
Explain |
Amount of money |
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Number |
Date |
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A |
B |
C |
1 |
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The VAT amount still payable at the beginning of the period (1) |
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Amount generated during the period |
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A. Group of goods, services, industries…. |
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..... |
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Total (1) |
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VAT |
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B. Group of goods, services, industries…. |
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..... |
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Total (2) |
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VAT |
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C. Group of goods, services, industries…. |
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..... |
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Total (3) |
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VAT |
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Total VAT payable during the period (2) |
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VAT amount paid during the period (3) |
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The VAT amount still payable at the end of the period {(4)= (1) + (2) – (3)} |
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a2) Content
This ledger is opened to record sales revenue from goods and services during the period, categorized by product group, service, or business sector with the same VAT tax rate. If a micro-enterprise has multiple product groups, services, or business sectors, this ledger may be opened for each group with the same VAT tax rate.
a3) Bookkeeping method
– Columns A and B: Record the invoice number and date.
– Column C: Record the explanation of revenue from the sale of goods and services according to each group of goods, services, and industries with the same VAT tax rate. Micro-enterprises may record revenue by individual invoice or document, or by total amount accompanied by a detailed data table of invoices and documents as prescribed by law.
– Column 1: Record the amount of goods and services sold according to each group of goods and services and industry to determine the revenue from the sale of goods and services for each industry with the same VAT rate. Based on the revenue from the sale of goods and services during the period, the micro-enterprise determines the amount of VAT payable according to tax laws.
– Line “The amount of VAT payable at the beginning of the period."Micro-enterprises use the remaining VAT payable at the end of the previous period to track and reflect the remaining VAT payable at the beginning of the current period."
– Line “Amount generated during the period"Micro-enterprises reflect revenue from the sale of goods and services categorized by product group, industry, or by individual transactions with the same VAT tax rate incurred during the period."
– Line “Total VAT payable during the period"Micro-enterprises determine the total VAT payable for the period based on the VAT payable for each industry or profession with the same VAT rate."
– Line “VAT amount paid during the period": Micro-enterprises record the amount of VAT paid during the period.
– Line “The amount of VAT payable at the end of the period."Micro-enterprises determine the remaining VAT payable at the end of the period, carried over to the next period, based on the difference between the VAT payable at the beginning of the period, the VAT payable during the period, and the VAT already paid during the period."
b) Detailed revenue and expense ledger (Form S2b-DNSN)
b1) Accounting ledger form
DETAILED REVENUE AND EXPENSE LEDGER
Year:……………….
Unit of measurement:…..
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Invoices, Receipts |
Explain |
Amount of money |
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Number |
Date |
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A |
B |
C |
1 |
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Corporate income tax still payable at the beginning of the period (1) |
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Amount generated during the period |
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1. Revenue and Income |
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2. Cost |
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a) Costs of raw materials, supplies, fuel, energy, and goods used in production and business. |
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b) Costs of salaries, wages, allowances, mandatory insurance, and payments to employees who are required to pay mandatory insurance; costs of salaries, wages, allowances, and payments to employees for less than one month. |
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c) Depreciation costs of fixed assets used in production and business activities according to the regulations on the management, use, and depreciation of fixed assets. |
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d) Costs of outsourced services such as electricity, water, telephone, internet, transportation, property rental, repairs, and maintenance. |
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d) Interest expenses on loans for production and business from credit institutions,... |
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e) Other expenses directly related to production and business activities……………. |
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Total corporate income tax payable during the period (2) |
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Corporate income tax paid during the period (3) |
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Corporate income tax still payable at the end of the period {(4)=(1) + (2) – (3)} |
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b2) Content
This ledger is opened to track revenue, income, and expenses incurred in the production, business, and other activities of micro-enterprises. Based on revenue, income, and expenses, micro-enterprises determine the amount of corporate income tax payable in accordance with tax laws.
b3) Bookkeeping method
Columns A and B: Record the invoice number and date.
Column C: Record a description of the transaction that occurred.
Column 1: Record the amount corresponding to each item listed in Column C.
Line “Number Corporate income tax payable at the beginning of the period"Micro-enterprises use the corporate income tax payable from the previous period to track and reflect the remaining corporate income tax payable at the beginning of the period."
Line “Number arose during the period": Micro-enterprises reflect revenue, income, and expenses from the sale of goods and services and other activities arising during the period."
Line “1. Revenue and income"Micro-enterprises record revenue and income arising from the sale of goods, services, and other activities based on invoices and supporting documents, either for each invoice and supporting document or as a total sum, accompanied by a detailed data table of invoices and supporting documents as prescribed by law."
Line “2. Treatment cost"Micro-enterprises record total expenses incurred during the period for each transaction based on relevant invoices and documents."
Line “Total corporate income tax payable during the period": Micro-enterprises are defined based on the details in the section "1. Revenue and income","2. Treatment cost"to determine taxable corporate income and, based on the corporate income tax rate corresponding to each activity as stipulated by tax law, to determine the total corporate income tax payable for the period."
Line “Number Corporate income tax paid during the period": Micro-enterprises record the amount of corporate income tax provisionally paid during the period.
Line “Number Corporate income tax payable at the end of the period"Micro-enterprises determine the remaining corporate income tax payable or refundable from the previous period; the difference between the total corporate income tax payable and the amount of corporate income tax already paid provisionally during the period to determine the remaining corporate income tax payable at the end of the period to be carried over to the next period."
c) Detailed register of materials, tools, products, and goods (Form S2c-DNSN)
c1) Accounting ledger forms
MATERIALS, TOOLS, PRODUCTS, AND GOODS REGISTER
Name of material, tool, product, goods…………
Warehouse:………………………..
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Invoices, Receipts |
Explain |
Unit |
Unit price |
Import |
Export |
Existing |
Note |
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Number |
Date |
Quantity |
Subtotal |
Quantity |
Subtotal |
Quantity |
Subtotal |
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A |
B |
C |
D |
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2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
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Beginning balance |
X |
X |
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X |
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Total generated during the period |
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Ending balance |
X |
X |
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X |
c2) Content
This ledger is used to track and manage the inventory of each material, tool, product, and item.
c3) Bookkeeping method
Columns A and B: Record the invoice number and date.
Column C: Record a description of the transaction that occurred.
Column D: Unit of measurement for each material, tool, product, or commodity.
Column 1: Record the unit price of each material, tool, product, and item in stock, including the import, export, and inventory prices. The unit price for each material, tool, product, and item entering the warehouse is based on the import documents for each source of supply.
The unit price for goods issued from inventory is calculated separately for each type of material, tool, product, or item using the following formula:
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Unit price of goods sold = |
(Beginning inventory value + Value of goods purchased during the period) |
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(Beginning inventory quantity + Quantity of goods received during the period) |
Column 2: Record the quantity of each material, tool, product, or item received into the warehouse.
Column 3: Record the value (total amount) of each material, tool, product, or item received into inventory (Column 3 = Column 1 x Column 2).
Column 4: Record the quantity of each material, tool, product, or item withdrawn from inventory.
Column 5: Record the value (total amount) of each material, tool, product, or item withdrawn from inventory (Column 5 = Column 1 x Column 4).
Column 6: Record the quantity of each material, tool, product, and item in inventory.
Column 7: Record the value (total amount) of each material, tool, product, and inventory item (Column 7 = Column 1 x Column 6).
d) Detailed cash ledger (Form S2d-DNSN)
d1) Accounting ledger form
CASH REGISTER
Year: …………
Unit of measurement:……….
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Invoices, Receipts |
Explain |
Amount of money |
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Number |
Date |
Receive/Send in |
Withdraw/Deposit |
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A |
B |
C |
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2 |
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Cash |
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Beginning cash balance |
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.... |
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Total revenue during the period |
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Total expenses incurred during the period |
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Ending cash balance |
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Demand deposits |
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Bank…. |
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Beginning balance of deposits |
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..... |
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Total deposits made during the period |
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Total amount withdrawn during the period |
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Ending balance of deposits |
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d2) Content
This ledger is opened to track cash receipts and disbursements, or demand deposits (deposits for payment), in the micro-enterprise's account at banks and payment service providers as prescribed by law. The enterprise can open this ledger in detail for each type of currency (cash, demand deposits). For demand deposits, this ledger can be opened to track the amount deposited separately at each bank or payment service provider.
d3) Bookkeeping method
Columns A and B: Record the invoice number and date.
Column C: Record a description of the transaction that occurred.
Columns 1 and 2: Record the amount of cash received and disbursed, or the amount of demand deposits deposited and withdrawn.
At the end of the period, micro-enterprises calculate their cash receipts, disbursements, cash balances, and the amount of demand deposits, withdrawals, and ending balances.
Article 7. Micro-enterprises pay VAT using the deduction method and corporate income tax at a percentage rate on revenue.
1. Accounting documents
Micro-enterprises use invoices, purchase lists for goods and services without invoices, and other accounting documents as prescribed by accounting and tax laws as the basis for determining revenue.
2. Accounting records
2.1. In this case, micro-enterprises apply the accounting books according to the following list.
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STT |
Accounting ledger name |
Symbol |
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1 |
Sales revenue register for goods and services |
Form S3a- DNSN |
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2 |
VAT tax obligation tracking log |
Form S3b- DNSN |
2.2. Accounting ledger forms, content, and methods of recording accounting entries.
a) Sales revenue register for goods and services (Form S3a-DNSN)
a1) Accounting ledger forms
REGISTER OF SALES OF GOODS AND SERVICES
Year: ……………….
Unit of measurement:…………
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Invoices, Receipts |
Explain |
Amount of money |
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Number |
Date |
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A |
B |
C |
1 |
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Corporate income tax still payable at the beginning of the period (1) |
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Amount generated during the period |
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A. Group of goods, services, industries…. |
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.... |
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Total (1) |
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CIT |
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B. Group of goods, services, industries…. |
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..... |
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Total (2) |
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CIT |
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Total corporate income tax payable during the period (2) |
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Corporate income tax paid during the period (3) |
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Corporate income tax still payable at the end of the period {(4)= (1)+(2)-(3)} |
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a2) Content
This ledger is opened to record revenue from the sale of goods and services during the period, categorized by product group, service, or business sector with the same corporate income tax rate. If a micro-enterprise has multiple product groups, services, or business sectors, this ledger may be opened for each product group with the same corporate income tax rate.
a3) Bookkeeping method
Columns A and B: Record the invoice number and date.
Column C: Record the explanation of revenue from the sale of goods and services according to each group of goods, services, and industries with the same percentage rate for corporate income tax calculation.
Column 1: Record the amount of goods and services sold according to each group of goods, services, and business sector to serve as the basis for determining the revenue from the sale of goods and services according to each group of goods, services, and business sector with the same percentage rate for corporate income tax calculation.
Line “Corporate income tax payable at the beginning of the period"Micro-enterprises use the corporate income tax payable from the previous period as a basis for tracking and reflecting the remaining corporate income tax payable at the beginning of the period."
Line “Amount generated during the period"Micro-enterprises reflect revenue from the sale of goods and services by group of goods and services, industry, or by each transaction with the same corporate income tax rate incurred during the period. Micro-enterprises may record revenue by individual invoice or document, or by total amount accompanied by a detailed data table of invoices and documents as prescribed by law."
Line “Total corporate income tax payable during the period"Based on the revenue from the sale of goods and services during the period, micro-enterprises determine the amount of corporate income tax payable for each industry, profession, or transaction with the same corporate income tax rate to determine the total corporate income tax payable for the period in accordance with tax laws."
Line “Corporate income tax paid during the period": Micro-enterprises record the amount of corporate income tax provisionally paid during the period.
Line “Corporate income tax amount payable at the end of the period"Micro-enterprises determine the remaining corporate income tax payable at the end of the period, carried over to the next period, based on the corporate income tax payable from the previous period; the corporate income tax due; and the corporate income tax already paid provisionally during the period."
b) Value Added Tax Obligation Tracking Register (Form No. S3b-DNSN)
b1) Accounting ledger form
VAT Tax Obligation Tracking Register
Year: ……………
Unit of measurement:……….
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Receipts |
Explain |
Input VAT amount |
Output VAT amount |
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Number |
Date |
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A |
B |
C |
1 |
2 |
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Beginning balance |
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The amount of VAT that is still deductible or refundable at the beginning of the period. |
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The amount of VAT payable at the beginning of the period. |
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Amount generated during the period |
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... |
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... |
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... |
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Add up the amounts generated during the period. |
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Total VAT payable during the period (2) |
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... |
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VAT amount paid during the period (3) |
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VAT amount refunded during the period (4) |
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... |
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Ending balance |
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The amount of VAT that is still deductible or refundable at the end of the period. |
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The amount of VAT payable at the end of the period. |
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b2) Content
This register is maintained to track the fulfillment of VAT tax obligations by micro-enterprises, including those already paid and those still due. The information and data in this register serve as the basis for tax authorities to determine whether the enterprise is paying taxes correctly, fully, and promptly to the state budget in accordance with tax laws.
b3) Bookkeeping method
– Columns A and B: Record the invoice number and date.
– Column C: Record the details of the economic transaction that occurred.
– Line “Beginning balance": Micro-enterprises base their opening balance on the VAT obligations carried over from the previous period, which is the amount of VAT still deductible or refundable, or the amount of VAT still payable, to record the opening balance in column 1 or column 2.
– Line “Amount generated during the period": Micro-enterprises should record input VAT amounts in column 1 based on invoices and supporting documents generated during the period, and output VAT amounts in column 2.
– Line “Total VAT payable during the period"Micro-enterprises determine the amount of VAT payable for the period based on the difference between the output VAT and the input VAT that is deductible."
– Line “Number VAT paid during the period": Micro-enterprises reflect the amount of VAT paid by the business during the period.
– Line “Number VAT has been refunded during the period.": Micro-enterprises reflect the amount of VAT that the business has been refunded during the period.
– Line “Number ending balance": Micro-enterprises record the amount of VAT that is still deductible or refundable at the end of the period in the "" line.Number VAT that is still deductible or refundable at the end of the period." in column 1; based on the remaining VAT payable at the end of the period, record it in the line "Number VAT payable at the end of the period” in column 2. In which:
+ The amount of VAT still deductible or refundable at the end of the period = Beginning balance of input VAT + Input VAT incurred during the period – Output VAT incurred during the period + VAT paid during the period – VAT refunded during the period.
+ VAT payable at the end of the period = Outstanding output VAT payable at the beginning of the period + Output VAT generated during the period – Input VAT generated during the period – VAT paid during the period + VAT refunded during the period.
Article 8. Micro-enterprises pay VAT using the deduction method and corporate income tax on taxable income.
1. Accounting documents
Micro-enterprises use invoices, purchase lists for goods and services without invoices, and other accounting documents as prescribed by accounting and tax laws as the basis for determining revenue, income, expenses, and the amount of VAT and corporate income tax payable and paid during the period.
2. Accounting records
2.1. In this case, the micro-enterprise applies the accounting records according to the following list:
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STT |
Accounting ledger name |
Symbol |
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1 |
Detailed ledger of revenue and expenses |
Form S2b-DNSN |
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2 |
Detailed register of materials, tools, products, and goods. |
Form S2c-DNSN |
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3 |
Cash register |
Form S2d-DNSN |
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4 |
VAT tax obligation tracking log |
Form S3b-DNSN |
2.2. Accounting ledger forms, content, and methods of recording accounting entries.
a) Detailed revenue and expense ledger (Form S2b-DNSN)
The forms, content, and methods of recording entries shall be implemented in accordance with the guidelines in section b, point 2.2, clause 2, Article 6 of this Circular.
b) Detailed register of materials, tools, products, and goods (Form S2c-DNSN)
The forms, content, and methods of recording entries shall be implemented in accordance with the guidelines in clause c, point 2.2, paragraph 2, Article 6 of this Circular.
c) Detailed cash ledger (Form S2d-DNSN)
The forms, content, and methods of recording entries shall be implemented in accordance with the guidelines in section d, point 2.2, clause 2, Article 6 of this Circular.
d) VAT obligation tracking register (Form S3b-DNSN)
The forms, content, and methods of recording entries shall be implemented in accordance with the guidelines in section b, point 2.2, clause 2, Article 7 of this Circular.
Article 9. List of other accounting books and other accounting documents
1. Other accounting ledger categories
In addition to the accounting books guided in Articles 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this Circular, based on the characteristics of production and business activities and the management requirements of the unit, micro-enterprises may use detailed accounting books according to the following list:
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STT |
Accounting ledger name |
Symbol |
|
1 |
Accounts Payable Details Ledger |
Form S4a-DNSN |
|
2 |
Fixed Asset Register |
Form S4b-DNSN |
|
3 |
Other tax obligation tracking register |
Form S4c-DNSN |
|
4 |
Equity tracking ledger |
Form S4d-DNSN |
1.1. Detailed Accounts Payable Payment Ledger (Form S4a-DNSN)
a) Accounting ledger form
DETAILED ACCOUNTS PAYMENT LEDGER
Object:……………………..
Unit of measurement: ………..
|
Invoices, Receipts |
Explain |
Accounts receivable |
Liabilities |
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Number |
Date |
Accounts receivable |
Amount collected |
Amount to be collected |
Amount payable |
Amount paid |
Amount to be paid |
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A |
B |
C |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
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– Beginning balance – Amounts generated during the period …… |
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– Sum of transactions during the period |
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- Ending balance |
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b) Content
This ledger is opened to track the payment of accounts receivable and accounts payable of micro-enterprises. If a micro-enterprise has many accounts receivable and accounts payable with different content, nature, and debtors (for example, accounts receivable from customers, loans, advances; accounts payable to suppliers, loans, deposits, collateral from other entities, salaries and related payments; taxes and other payments to the state), then based on the characteristics of production and business operations and management requirements, this ledger may be opened in detail for each debtor (customers, suppliers, etc.) to track the payment of debts by each debtor, each payment term, each payment, etc.
The tax obligations and payments to the state reflected in this register do not include VAT and corporate income tax, but only personal income tax, export tax, import tax, special consumption tax, resource tax, environmental protection tax, land use tax, and other taxes.
c) Bookkeeping method
– Columns A and B: Record the invoice number and date.
– Column C: Record the details of the economic transaction that occurred.
– Column 1: Record the value of accounts receivable related to the sale of goods and services, loans, advances, deposits, collateral, etc.
– Column 2: Record the value of accounts receivable that have been collected.
– Column 3: Record the value of outstanding debts.
– Column 4: Record the value of liabilities related to the purchase of goods and services, loans, deposits, collateral, etc.
– Column 5: Record the value of the payables that have been paid.
– Column 6: Record the value of outstanding debts.
1.2. Fixed Asset Register (Form S4b-DNSN)
a) Accounting ledger form
FIXED ASSET REGISTER
Type of asset: ……………..
|
Increase in fixed assets |
Depreciation amount of fixed assets |
Record a decrease in fixed assets. |
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|
Document |
Name, characteristics, and symbols of fixed assets |
Month and year of commissioning |
Original cost of fixed assets |
Depreciation |
Accumulated depreciation |
Document |
Reasons for the reduction in fixed assets. |
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Number |
Date |
Depreciation rate (%) |
Depreciation rate |
Number |
Date |
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A |
B |
C |
D |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
E |
G |
H |
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Add |
x |
x |
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x |
x |
x |
b) Content
This ledger is opened to track and manage the fixed assets of micro-enterprises from the time of purchase and commissioning until the fixed assets are written off.
c) Bookkeeping method
This ledger is opened to track each type of fixed asset or groups of fixed assets of a micro-enterprise (buildings, machinery, equipment, etc.). Based on the documents showing increases and decreases in fixed assets, the following entries are made in the fixed asset ledger:
– Columns A and B: Record the document number, date, and month.
– Column C: Record the name, characteristics, and symbol of the fixed asset.
– Column D: Record the month and year the fixed asset was put into use.
– Column 1: Record the original cost of the fixed asset.
– Column 2: Record the annual depreciation rate of the fixed asset.
– Column 3: Record the depreciation amount of fixed assets for the year.
– Column 4: Record the accumulated depreciation of the fixed asset up to the end of the period or up to the time of recording the fixed asset's reduction.
– Columns E and G: Record the number, date, month, and year of the fixed asset reduction document.
– Column H: Record the reason for the reduction in fixed assets (sale, liquidation, etc.).
1.3. Register for tracking other tax obligations (Form S4c-DNSN)
a) Accounting ledger form
REGISTER FOR TRACKING OTHER TAX OBLIGATIONS
Year: …………..
Unit of measurement:………..
|
Date recorded in the ledger |
Transaction |
Quantity of goods and services subject to tax |
Absolute tax rate |
Taxable price/Unit of taxable goods and services |
Tax |
Other types of taxes |
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|
Export tax, import tax, excise tax |
Environmental protection tax |
Resource tax |
Land use tax |
|
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|
Applying the tax calculation method based on a percentage rate. |
Apply the absolute tax calculation method (if applicable). |
Taxpayer's Register |
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A |
B |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
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Total |
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b) Content
This ledger is opened for micro-enterprises to track other types of taxes (if any): export tax, import tax, excise tax, resource tax, environmental protection tax, land use tax, and other taxes. Depending on the characteristics of their production and business activities and management requirements, micro-enterprises may open this ledger in detail for each type of tax.
c) Bookkeeping method
– Column A: Record the date of entry.
– Column B: Record the details of the transaction that occurred.
– Column 1: Record the quantity of goods and services subject to tax.
– Column 2: Record the absolute tax rate as stipulated by the law on export tax, import tax, special consumption tax, and environmental protection tax.
– Column 3: Taxable price/01 unit of goods or services, in accordance with tax laws.
– Column 4: Record the tax rates as stipulated by law for export tax, import tax, special consumption tax, resource tax, and land use tax.
– Column 5: Export tax, import tax, and special consumption tax are calculated using the percentage method.
– Column 6: Calculate export tax, import tax, and special consumption tax using the absolute tax calculation method.
– Column 7: Calculate the export tax, import tax, and special consumption tax payable according to tax laws.
– Column 8: Calculate the environmental protection tax payable according to tax law regulations.
– Column 9: Calculate the resource tax payable according to tax law regulations.
– Column 10: Calculate the land use tax payable according to tax laws.
– Column 11: Calculate other taxes as prescribed by tax law.
1.4. Equity Tracking Register (Form S4d-DNSN)
a) Accounting ledger form
EQUITY REGISTER
Year:…………………..
Unit of measurement:……….
|
Document |
Explain |
Increase during the period |
Decrease during the period |
Balance |
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|
Number |
Date |
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|
A |
B |
C |
1 |
2 |
3 |
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1. Owner's equity contribution |
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1.1. Beginning balance |
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1.2. Transactions arising during the period |
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………… |
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1.3. Ending Balance |
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2. Undistributed after-tax profit |
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2.1. Beginning balance |
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2.2. Transactions arising during the period |
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......... |
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2.3. Ending Balance |
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3. Equity funds |
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3.1. Beginning balance |
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3.2. Transactions arising during the period |
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.... |
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3.3. Ending Balance |
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b) Content
This ledger is opened to track in detail the increase, decrease, and balance of various types of equity capital of the enterprise, such as owner's contributed capital, undistributed after-tax profits, and equity funds.
c) Bookkeeping method
– Columns A and B: Record the document number, date, and month.
– Column C: Record a description of the transaction that occurred.
– Column 1: Record the value of each type of equity increase during the period.
– Column 2: Record the decrease in equity value during the period.
– Column 3: Record the beginning and ending balances of each type of equity capital.
2. Other document categories
In addition to invoices and purchase lists for goods and services without invoices, micro-enterprises may choose to use accounting documents from the following categories:
|
STT |
Accounting document name |
Symbol |
|
1 |
Receipt |
Form No. 01-TT |
|
2 |
Payment voucher |
Form No. 02-TT |
|
3 |
Warehouse receipt |
Form No. 01-VT |
|
4 |
Warehouse release form |
Form No. 02-VT |
2.1. Receipt (Form No. 01-TT)
a) Accounting document forms
RECEIPT
Full name of payer: ……………………………………………………………………………………
Address:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Reason for submission:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Amount:………………………………………..(Written in words):………………………………………..
Attached:………………………………………..Original documents:
Date … month … year …
Amount received (in words): ………………………………………………………………………
b) Content
This document is prepared to reflect the actual amount of cash received into the fund and serves as the basis for recording details in the cash ledger. Every cash receipt must be accompanied by a receipt.
c) Method of preparation
The receipt must clearly state the name and address of the business; and clearly state the full name and address of the person making the payment.
The "Reason for payment" section clearly states the purpose of the payment, such as: collecting proceeds from the sale of goods and products, collecting remaining advance payments, etc.
The "Amount" line: Write the amount of money deposited into the fund in both numbers and words, clearly stating the unit of currency as Vietnamese Dong,...
The next line lists the number of original documents attached to the Receipt.
2.2. Payment Voucher (Form No. 02-TT)
a) Accounting document forms
PAYMENT VOUCHER
Full name of recipient: …………………………………………………………………………………..
Address:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Reason for expenditure:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Amount:……………………………………(Written in words):…………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..
Attached is……………………………………Original document:
Date … month … year …
Received the full amount (written in words): ……………………………………………………………………….
b) Content
This document is prepared to reflect actual cash disbursements and serves as the basis for recording detailed cash entries.
c) Method of preparation
The payment voucher must clearly state the name and address of the business; and clearly state the full name and address of the recipient.
The "Reason for Payment" section clearly states the purpose of the expenditure.
"Amount" line: Write the amount of money disbursed in numbers or words, clearly stating the unit of currency as Vietnamese Dong,...
The next line lists the number of original documents attached to the Payment Voucher.
2.3. Warehouse Receipt (Form No. 01-VT)
a) Accounting document forms
WAREHOUSE RECEIPT
– Name of the person delivering: ………………………………………………………………………………………..
– According to number …… dated …..month ….year …..of…………………………………………………………….
Received at warehouse:………………………………………..location…………………………………………………
|
STT |
Name, brand, specifications, quality of materials, tools, products, goods |
Code |
Unit |
Quantity |
Unit price |
Subtotal |
|
|
According to the documents |
Actual import |
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A |
B |
C |
D |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
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Add |
x |
x |
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Total amount (in words): ……………………………………………………………………………..
Number of original documents attached:……………………………………………………………………………….
Date … month … year …
b) Content
This document is created to track and reflect materials, tools, products, and goods entering the warehouse, whether purchased from outside, self-produced, outsourced for processing, received as capital contributions, or discovered as surplus during inventory checks. It serves as the basis for recording details in the materials, tools, products, and goods ledger, settling payments, determining responsibility with relevant parties, and recording entries in the accounting books.
c) Method of preparation
The top left corner of the warehouse receipt must clearly state the name of the receiving unit or department. A warehouse receipt can be prepared for one or more types of materials, tools, products, or goods that are received at the same warehouse.
When preparing a warehouse receipt, the receipt number and the date of preparation must be clearly stated; the full name of the person delivering the materials, tools, products, or goods; the invoice number or warehouse receipt order; and the name of the warehouse and the location of the warehouse.
– Columns A, B, C, D: Record the serial number, name, brand, specifications, quality; code number and unit of measurement of materials, tools, products, and goods.
– Column 1: Record the quantity according to the document (invoice or order).
– Column 2: Record the actual quantity received into the warehouse.
– Columns 3 and 4: Record the unit price and calculate the total amount for each type of material, tool, product, or goods actually received into inventory (column 4 = column 2 x column 3).
– Total line: Record the total amount of money for all types of materials, tools, products, and goods received into inventory.
– Line “Total amount (written in words)": Write the total amount on the Inventory Receipt in words.
2.4. Warehouse Release Form (Form No. 02-VT)
a) Accounting document forms
WAREHOUSE RELEASE FORM
Recipient's full name:……………Address (department):………………………………..
Reason for withdrawal from inventory:……………………………………………………………………………………….
Shipped from warehouse (lot):………………. Location………………………………………………..
|
STT |
Name, brand, specifications, quality of materials, tools, products, goods |
Code |
Unit |
Quantity |
Unit price |
Subtotal |
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|
Requirement |
Actual output |
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A |
B |
C |
D |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
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Add |
x |
x |
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Total amount (in words): ……………………………………………………………………
Original document number attached:………………………………………………………………………
Date … month … year …
b) Content
This document is created to track materials, tools, products, and goods withdrawn from inventory for use by various departments within the enterprise. It serves as a basis for accounting for production and business costs, calculating and verifying usage, and implementing material consumption norms.
c) Method of preparation
The left corner of the warehouse release form must clearly state the name of the unit or department releasing the goods. A warehouse release form can be prepared for one or more types of materials, tools, products, or goods being released from the same warehouse.
When preparing a warehouse release form, the following information must be clearly stated: the release form number and the date of creation; the full name and unit (department) of the person receiving the materials, tools, products, or goods; the reason for release; and the name and location of the warehouse from which the goods are released.
– Columns A, B, C, D: Record the serial number, name, brand, specifications, quality, code, and unit of measurement of materials, tools, products, and goods.
– Column 1: Record the quantity of materials, tools, products, and goods requested to be withdrawn from the warehouse.
– Column 2: Record the actual quantity of materials, tools, products, and goods withdrawn from the warehouse (the actual quantity withdrawn can only be equal to or less than the required quantity).
– Columns 3 and 4: Record the unit price and total cost of each type of material, tool, product, or goods withdrawn from inventory (column 4 = column 2 x column 3).
– Total: Record the total amount of money for all materials, tools, products, and goods actually withdrawn from inventory.
– Line “Total amount (written in words)": Write the total amount in words on the Delivery Note.
Article 10. Financial Statements
1. Regarding the responsibility for preparing and submitting financial reports.
a) Annually, micro-enterprises paying corporate income tax using the method of calculating tax on taxable income must prepare financial statements in accordance with the guidelines in this Circular, unless otherwise stipulated by law.
The annual financial statements of micro-enterprises must be submitted to the competent state authority within 90 days from the end of the fiscal year.
The receiving authority for financial reports of micro-enterprises is determined by relevant legal regulations. In cases where the financial reports of micro-enterprises are stored in the National Information System on Business Registration, the receiving authorities may request information on these reports in accordance with the law.
b) Micro-enterprises that pay corporate income tax at a percentage rate on revenue from the sale of goods and services are not required to prepare financial statements for submission to competent state agencies, except where otherwise required by law.
In the case of micro-enterprises paying corporate income tax at a percentage rate on revenue from the sale of goods and services, if they choose to apply the accounting regime stipulated in Articles 6 and 8 of this Circular to serve the needs of managing their production and business activities, they may still prepare financial statements but are not required to submit them to the competent state agency. Instead, they may keep, store, and use them within the enterprise as prescribed and provide information upon request from the competent state agency.
2. Financial reporting system for micro-enterprises
2.1. Annually, micro-enterprises paying corporate income tax using the method of calculating tax on taxable income prepare financial statements according to the following list:
|
STT |
Name of the financial report |
Symbol |
|
1 |
Report on the financial situation |
Form B01 – DNSN |
|
2 |
Report on business results |
Form B02 – DNSN |
2.2. Forms, content, and methods for preparing financial statements of micro-enterprises
2.2.1. Financial Statement Report (Form B01 – DNSN)
a) Financial report form
FINANCIAL STATEMENT REPORT
On the… day of… month of… year…
Unit of measurement:………….
|
TARGETS |
Code |
Year-end issue |
First issue of the year |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
ASSET |
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1. Money |
110 |
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2. Accounts Receivable |
120 |
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3. Inventory |
130 |
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4. Fixed assets |
140 |
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5. Other assets |
150 |
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TOTAL ASSETS (200 = 110 + 120 + 130 + 140 + 150) |
200 |
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FUNDING |
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I. Liabilities |
300 |
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1. Liabilities |
310 |
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2. Taxes and other payments due to the State |
320 |
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II. Equity |
400 |
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1. Owner's investment capital |
410 |
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2. Undistributed after-tax profit |
420 |
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3. Equity funds |
430 |
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TOTAL CAPITAL (500 = 300 + 400) |
500 |
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b) Content and methods for preparing the financial statement
b1) Asset
Money (Code 110)
This indicator reflects the total cash balance in the fund, and demand deposits (deposits for payment) in the accounts of micro-enterprises at banks and payment service providers at the end of the accounting period.
The data to be recorded in this item is the ending balance of cash and demand deposits in the Cash Ledger.
Accounts Receivable (Code 120)
This indicator reflects the total value of accounts receivable of micro-enterprises at the end of the accounting period, such as: accounts receivable from customers, deductible VAT, receivables from loans, advances, deposits, collateral, etc.
The data to be recorded in this item is based on the ending balance of accounts receivable in the accounts payable ledger and other relevant accounting records.
Inventory (Item No. 130)
This indicator reflects the total value of all types of inventory held in reserve for the production and business operations of micro-enterprises at the end of the accounting period.
The data to be recorded in this item is the ending balance of inventory in the detailed records of materials, tools, products, and goods.
Fixed assets (Code 140)
This indicator reflects the total remaining value (original cost minus accumulated depreciation) of all fixed assets at the end of the accounting period.
The data to be recorded in this item is the detailed ending balance of each type of fixed asset in the fixed asset register.
Other assets (Code 150)
This indicator reflects the value of assets other than those already reflected in Codes 110, 120, 130, and 140 above (if any), for example, time deposits (savings deposits, etc.), the difference between the amount of corporate tax provisionally paid and the amount of tax payable to the State, etc.
Total assets (Code 200)
This indicator reflects the total value of assets of a micro-enterprise at the end of the accounting period.
Code 200 = Code 110 + Code 120 + Code 130 + Code 140 + Code 150
b2) Liabilities (Code 300)
This is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the total liabilities of a micro-enterprise at the end of the accounting period.
Code 300 = Code 310 + Code 320
Liabilities (Code 310)
This indicator reflects the amount of money that micro-enterprises still owe to various debtors such as accounts payable to suppliers, loan repayments, salaries and related deductions, deposits, collateral, and other payables, etc.
The figures to be recorded in this item are based on the ending balances of accounts payable in the Accounts Payable Payment Ledger.
Taxes and other payments due to the State (Code 320)
This indicator reflects the total amount of VAT, corporate income tax, and other tax obligations that micro-enterprises still owe to the State at the end of the accounting period.
Depending on the method of calculating VAT, corporate income tax, and other tax obligations, the figures recorded in this item are based on the detailed ending balances in the following ledgers: Sales Revenue Ledger; VAT Obligation Ledger; Revenue and Expense Ledger; Accounts Payable Ledger, etc.
b3) Equity (Code 400)
This indicator reflects the equity capital of micro-enterprises, including owner's investment capital, undistributed after-tax profits, and equity funds.
Code 400 = Code 410 + Code 420 + Code 430
Owner's investment capital (Code 410)
This indicator reflects the total amount of capital that owners (shareholders, contributing members) have actually contributed to the business at the end of the accounting period.
The figures recorded in this item are based on the ending balance in the Equity Tracking Register (details of owner's capital contributions).
Undistributed after-tax profit (Code 420)
This indicator reflects the remaining undistributed after-tax profit (or loss) at the end of the accounting period.
The figures recorded in this item are based on the ending balance in the Equity Tracking Ledger (details of undistributed after-tax profits).
Equity funds (Code 430)
This indicator reflects the balance of equity funds at the end of the accounting period.
The figures recorded in this indicator are based on the ending balances in the Equity Tracking Ledger (details of funds belonging to equity).
– Total capital (Code 500)
It reflects the total amount of capital sources that form the assets of the business at the end of the accounting period.
Code 500 = Code 300 + Code 400.
2.2.2. Business Performance Report (Form No. B02 – DNSN)
a) Financial report form
REPORT ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Year……….
Unit of measurement:………
|
TARGETS |
Code |
This year |
Last year |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1. Revenue and Net Income |
01 |
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2. Expenses |
02 |
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3. Accounting profit before corporate income tax {(03)= (01)-(02)} |
03 |
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4. Corporate income tax expense |
10 |
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5. Net profit after corporate income tax {(20) = (03)-(10)} |
20 |
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b) Content and methods for preparing financial statements
b1) Revenue and Net Income (Code 01)
This indicator reflects the total net revenue from sales and services and other income after deducting any revenue reductions during the reporting period (if any).
The data to be recorded in this indicator is based on the total revenue from the sale of goods and services and other income as recorded in the Revenue and Expense Ledger or the Sales Revenue Ledger.
b2) Expenses (Code 02)
This indicator reflects the total costs incurred during the reporting period, including material costs, labor costs, depreciation costs of fixed assets, outsourced service costs, interest expenses, etc.
The figures to be recorded in this item are based on the total expenses for the period as shown in the Revenue and Expense Ledger.
b3) Accounting profit before corporate income tax (Code 03)
This indicator reflects the total net profit (or loss) from the operations of a micro-enterprise. The figure to be recorded in this indicator is based on the difference between revenue and net income and expenses during the period.
Code 03 = Code 01 – Code 02.
b4) Corporate income tax expense (Code 10)
This indicator reflects the amount of corporate income tax payable in the reporting year as stipulated by tax laws. The data to be recorded in this indicator is based on the total corporate income tax payable as shown in the detailed revenue and expense ledger.
b5) Net profit after corporate income tax (Code 20)
This indicator reflects the after-tax profit of micro-enterprises in the reporting year.
The figures to be recorded in this item are based on the difference between accounting profit before corporate income tax and corporate income tax expense.
Code 20 = Code 03 – Code 10.
Chapter III
ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION
Article 11. Transfer of balances in the accounting books
1. Micro-enterprises shall base their transfers to relevant accounting books on the balances of accounting accounts as stipulated in Circular No. 132/2018/TT-BTC dated December 28, 2018, issued by the Minister of Finance, guiding the accounting regime for micro-enterprises, when applying this Circular, as follows:
a) Businesses base their calculations on the debit balance of account 1111.Cash"Transfer to the opening balance of the Cash Ledger (details of the cash portion), the debit balance of Account 1112"Bank deposits"Transfer to the opening balance of the Cash Ledger (details of demand deposits (deposits for payment) at banks and payment service providers as prescribed by law);
b) The business bases its calculations on the debit balance of account 1311.Accounts receivable from customers", debit balance of account 1318Other accounts receivable", credit balance of account 3311Workers must be paid.", credit balance of account 3312Payroll deductions", credit balance of account 3318 "The other liabilities", transfer to the opening balance corresponding to accounts receivable or accounts payable in the Accounts Receivable and Payable Payment Ledger for each debtor;
c) Businesses base their calculations on the debit balance of account 1313 “VAT is deductible.", credit balance of account 33131Value Added Tax payable"Transfer to the corresponding lines for input VAT or output VAT amounts in the VAT Obligation Tracking Register;
d) The business bases its calculation on the debit balance of account 1521 “Raw materials and tools”, TK 1524 “Work-in-progress production costs”, TK 1526 “Finished goods, merchandise"Transfer to the opening balance in the Detailed Inventory Ledger for Materials, Tools, Products, and Goods, detailed for each material, tool, product, and goods;
d) Businesses base their calculations on the debit balance of account 211 “Fixed assets"This is transferred to the opening balance of the Fixed Assets Register;
e) Businesses base their calculations on the credit balances of accounts 33134 “Corporate income tax”, TK 33138 “Other taxes, fees, charges, and other payments due to the State."Transfer to the opening balance of the corresponding columns in the Sales Revenue Ledger or VAT Tracking Ledger (for VAT), Revenue and Expense Details Ledger (for Corporate Income Tax) and Accounts Payable Details Ledger (for Personal Income Tax and other taxes);
g) Businesses base their calculations on the credit balances of accounts 4111 “Owner's equity contribution”, TK 4118 “Profit Undistributed after-tax profit"This is transferred to the opening balance of the Equity Tracking Ledger (details of owner's capital contributions and undistributed after-tax profits)."
2. When micro-enterprises change their accounting system (due to a change in the method of paying VAT or corporate income tax according to tax laws, or due to choosing or opting out of applying the accounting system for small and medium-sized enterprises), they should use the ending balances in the previous accounting books to transfer to the beginning balances of the corresponding accounting books in the next period accordingly.
Article 12. Enforcement
1. This Circular shall take effect from July 1, 2026 and shall apply to fiscal years beginning on or after July 1, 2026.
2. Circular No. 132/2018/TT-BTC dated December 28, 2018, issued by the Minister of Finance, guiding the accounting regime for micro-enterprises, is repealed from the date this Circular comes into effect.
3. The People's Committees, Departments of Finance, and Tax Departments of provinces and centrally-administered cities are responsible for guiding micro-enterprises in implementing this Circular.
4. During the implementation process, if any difficulties arise, please report them to the Ministry of Finance for consideration and resolution.